Vaccination generates broadly cross-neutralizing antibodies to the HIV Env apex

Animals The animal work was approved by the Emory University Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee (IACUC) under protocol 202100136. Twelve adult Indian-origin rhesus macaques ( Macaca mulatta ) (RM) were housed at the Emory National Primate Research Center (ENPRC) and maintained in accordance with NIH guidelines. Animal care facilities are accredited by the US Department of Agriculture (USDA) and the Association for Assessment and Accreditation of Laboratory Animal Care (AAALAC) International. Animals were treated with anaesthesia (ketamine, 5–10 mg per kg; or telazol, 3–6 mg per kg) and analgesics for procedures including intramuscular (i.m.) and subcutaneous (s.c.) immunization, and blood draws as per veterinarian recommendations and IACUC approved protocols. Rhesus macaques were male and female, aged 3–4 years at the start of the study, with an average weight of 4.8 kg. Animals were grouped to divide age and weight as evenly as possible between the groups receiving either soluble or liposome-conjugated trimers. Animals were housed in pairs for the duration of the study. For the immunization group size, we established the sample size primarily by extensive historical experience in immunization studies, which indicates that the assignment of six animals per immunization group will result in the detection of significant differences in antibody production among different experimental groups. …