Cooperation conflicts with equality when allocating public goods

Hamilton, W. D. The genetical evolution of social behaviour. I. J. Theor. Biol. 7 , 1–16 (1964). Article ADS CAS PubMed Google Scholar Michod, R. E. The theory of kin selection. Ann. Rev. Ecol. Syst. 13 , 23–55 (1982). Article Google Scholar Taylor, P. D. Altruism in viscous populations - an inclusive fitness model. Evol. Ecol. 6 , 352–356 (1992). Article Google Scholar Queller, D. C. Genetic relatedness in viscous populations. Evol. Ecol. 8 , 70–73 (1994). Article Google Scholar Santos, F. C. & Pacheco, J. M. Scale-free networks provide a unifying framework for the emergence of cooperation. Phys. Rev. Lett. 95 , 098104 (2005). Article ADS CAS PubMed Google Scholar Ohtsuki, H., Hauert, C., Lieberman, E. & Nowak, M. A. A simple rule for the evolution of cooperation on graphs and social networks. Nature 441 , 502–505 (2006). Article ADS CAS PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar Nowak, M. A. Five rules for the evolution of cooperation. Science 314 , 1560–1563 (2006). Article ADS CAS PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar Lehmann, L., Keller, L. & Sumpter, D. J. T. The evolution of helping and harming on graphs: the return of the inclusive fitness effect. J. Evol. Biol. 20 , 2284–2295 (2007). Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar Gardner, A., West, S. A. & Wild, G. The genetical theory of kin selection. J. Evol. Biol. 24 , 1020–1043 (2011). Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar Allen, B. et al. Evolutionary dynamics on any population structure. Nature 544 , 227–230 (2017). …