Relativistic electron acceleration at the bow shock of Jupiter and beyond

Data Observations for this study are from the Juno spacecraft of NASA 32 . The energetic particle data are provided by the JEDI 47 , which measures ions and electrons from about 30 keV to 1 MeV with an energy resolution of around 20%. JEDI consists of three identical sensor heads (JEDI90, JEDI180 and JEDI270) distributed around the spacecraft to optimize pitch angle coverage over a 160° × 12° field of view with an angular resolution of about 18°. The first two energy bins of JEDI used in this study are contaminated and are not included in the analysis, resulting in four energy bins covering approximately 100 keV to 1 MeV, as shown in Fig. 2 . Lower-energy ion and electron observations are obtained from the JADE 48 . JADE consists of two electron sensors (JADE-E) and an ion sensor (JADE-I), both measuring ions with energy per charge from 10 eV q −1 to 46.5 keV q −1 across 64 energy channels and electrons with energy per charge from 30 eV q −1 to 32 keV q −1 , with a time resolution that is mode dependent and corresponds to about 2 min in the presented event. Magnetic field vector data are sourced from the Magnetic Field Investigation (MAG) instrument 49 , which uses two fluxgate magnetometers to provide measurements with a temporal resolution of 1 s. …