Universal transcriptomic hallmarks of mammalian ageing and mortality

Experimental samples Animals from ITP cohorts Liver samples of mice from the ITP 61 were acquired from the collections of University of Michigan Medical School (UM), University of Texas (UT) and The Jackson Laboratory (TJL), from animals of the 2015, 2016 and 2017 cohorts 8 , 62 , 63 , 64 . Female and male mice, 22 to 23 months old, were euthanized following interventions, including 17-DMAG (30 ppm, as in ref. 62 ), b-GPA (3,300 ppm, as in ref. 62 ), minocycline (300 ppm, as in ref. 62 ), mitoQ (100 ppm, as in ref. 62 ), rapamycin applied from 20 months (42 ppm, as in ref. 62 ), canagliflozin (180 ppm, as in ref. 8 ), candesartan cilexetil (30 ppm, as in ref. 64 ), geranylgeranyl acetone (600 ppm, as in ref. 64 ), 17-α-oestradiol applied to males from 20 months (14.4 ppm, as in ref. 64 ), 17-α-oestradiol applied to males from 16 months (14.4 ppm, as in ref. 64 ), MIF098 (240 ppm, as in ref. 64 ), nicotinamide riboside (1,000 ppm, as in ref. 64 ), 1,3-butanediol (100,000 ppm, as in ref. 63 ), captopril (180 ppm, as in ref. 63 ), leucine (40,000 ppm, as in ref. 63 ), PB125 (100 ppm, as in ref. 63 ), sulindac (5 ppm, as in ref. 63 ), syringaresinol (300 ppm, as in ref. 63 ), a combination of rapamycin and acarbose applied from 9 months (14.7 ppm and 1,000 ppm, as in ref. 63 ), and a combination of rapamycin and acarbose applied from 16 months (14.7 ppm and 1,000 ppm, as in ref. 63 ). All interventions continued until the mice were euthanized. …