αKG-mediated carnitine synthesis drives DNA repair via histone acetylation

Cells and culture conditions Ovcar8, JHOS4, Uwb1.289 and PEO1 cells were a gift from Benjamin Bitler (University of Colorado). Ovcar8 cells were cultured in RPMI 1640 medium (Gibco, 11875119) supplemented with 5% fetal bovine serum (FBS; BioWest, S1620) and 1% penicillin–streptomycin (Fischer Scientific, 15-140-122). JHOS4 cells were cultured in a 1:1 mixture of Dulbecco’s Modified Eagle Medium (DMEM) (Gibco, 11965092) and Ham’s F-12 (DMEM/HamF12) supplemented with 10% FBS (BioWest, S1620), 0.1 mM non-essential amino acids (Gibco, 11140050) and 1% penicillin–streptomycin (Fischer Scientific, 15-140-122). Uwb1.289 cells were cultured in a 1:1 ratio of RPMI 1640 (Gibco, 11875119) and MEGM (Sigma-Aldrich, C39110 ) supplemented with 3% FBS (BioWest, S1620) and 1% penicillin–streptomycin (Fischer Scientific, 15-140-122). PEO1 cells were cultured in RPM1-1640 medium (Gibco, 11875119) supplemented with 10% FBS (BioWest, S1620), 2 mM glutamine (Gibco, 25030081), 2 mM pyruvate (Gibco, 11360070) and 1% penicillin–streptomycin (Fischer Scientific, 15-140-122). Ovcar8-empty vector (EV) and Ovcar8-CCNE1 cell lines were created by transduction of a cyclin E1-overexpression plasmid generated by Twist Bioscience (pTwist Lenti SFFV Puro). These cell lines were cultured in RPMI 1640 medium (Gibco, 11875119) supplemented with 5% FBS (BioWest, S1620), 1% penicillin–streptomycin (Fischer Scientific, 15-140-122) and 1 µg ml −1 puromycin (Gibco, A1113802). …