Plasticity and language in the anaesthetized human hippocampus

Patient recruitment Experiments were conducted according to protocol guidelines approved by the Institutional Review Board for Baylor College of Medicine and Affiliated Hospitals (H-50885 for the Neuropixels recordings and H-18112 for the EMU recordings). All of the recruited patients for the Neuropixels recordings were diagnosed with drug-resistant temporal lobe epilepsy and were scheduled to undergo an anteromesial temporal lobectomy for seizure control. All of the patients provided written informed consent to participate in the study and were aware that participation was voluntary and would not affect their clinical course. Included patients’ age ranged from 25–54 years old (average, 39.6 ± 11.8), with three female and four male patients. Four resections were on the left side, and three were on the right. In one individual (p3), recordings were performed in the middle temporal lobe before resection. None of the patients reported explicit memory of intraoperative events after the case when discussed in the post-operative care unit or while recovering in the hospital the next day. Note that we include for comparison purposes a cohort of awake patients listening to podcast stimuli. These patients were recruited from patients undergoing invasive recordings in the EMU at Baylor St Luke’s Hospital. Details on methods for this group of patients were reported previously 21 , 34 , 52 , 53 , 54 . …